CIA declassifies intel warnings to White House prior to 9/11 attack

The now-infamous warning to then-President Bill Clinton was tucked at the bottom of a presidential intelligence brief delivered on September 10, 1998: A group associated with al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden “may fly an explosive-packed airplane into a US city.”

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In the end, there were no explosives. Just four planes, two piloted into the World Trade Center in New York City, one into the Pentagon in Washington, DC, and one intended for the US Capitol that crash-landed in a field in Pennsylvania after passengers heroically fought back against the terrorists.

The CIA on Friday declassified and released more than 100 pages of presidential daily briefing papers provided to Presidents Clinton and George W. Bush that dealt with the threat from al Qaeda and bin Laden in the run-up to 9/11, providing for the first time to the American public an eerie snapshot of the information two presidents saw but failed to act on.

They show a drumbeat of warnings over the course of years that bin Laden was considering an attack in the United States or on American sites overseas. Fragments of intelligence suggesting he wanted to attack a shopping mall in Washington, acquire nuclear bomb materials, launch chemical weapons attacks or kidnap an American — whose name is redacted — flicker through the pages.

The documents do not fundamentally change intelligence historians’ understanding of what the US government knew before the attacks, or how it had failed so badly to predict them. A 2004 report by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States found that although the intelligence community had warned two successive White Houses of the threat from al Qaeda, it failed to adequately predict or communicate the scope and urgency of those threats. And a silo’ed intelligence apparatus kept intelligence analysts at different agencies from putting the pieces together in a meaningful way.

A woman and child pay respects at the 9/11 Memorial and Museum during a ceremony on Friday, September 11, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the terror attacks on the World Trade Center in New York.
In pictures: America marks 25 years since 9/11
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In pictures: America marks 25 years since 9/11
A woman and child pay respects at the 9/11 Memorial and Museum during a ceremony on Friday, September 11, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the terror attacks on the World Trade Center in New York.
A woman and child pay respects at the 9/11 Memorial and Museum during a ceremony on Friday, September 11, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the terror attacks on the World Trade Center in New York.
Spencer Platt/Getty Images
Former President Joe Biden, former first lady Laura Bush, former President George W. Bush, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Vice President JD Vance stand during the ceremony in New York
Former President Joe Biden, former first lady Laura Bush, former President George W. Bush, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Vice President JD Vance stand during the ceremony in New York
Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images
Ryan Gould, grandson of Flight 93 victim Patrick Joseph Driscoll, holds his son next to the Wall of Names at the Flight 93 National Memorial near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
Ryan Gould, grandson of Flight 93 victim Patrick Joseph Driscoll, holds his son next to the Wall of Names at the Flight 93 National Memorial near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
Nathan Howard/Reuters
New York firefighters pay their respects at the memorial in New York.
New York firefighters pay their respects at the memorial in New York.
Jeenah Moon/Pool/AP
President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump arrive at an observance ceremony at the Pentagon in Washington, DC.
President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump arrive at an observance ceremony at the Pentagon in Washington, DC.
Mark Schiefelbein/AP
People listen to the national anthem at the memorial in New York.
People listen to the national anthem at the memorial in New York.
Adam Gray/AP
A woman mourns at the reflecting pool in New York.
A woman mourns at the reflecting pool in New York.
Dave Sanders/Pool/The New York Times/AP
Former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama arrive at the ceremony in New York.
Former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama arrive at the ceremony in New York.
Adam Gray/AP
Visitors pay their respects at the Flight 93 National Memorial near Shanksville.
Visitors pay their respects at the Flight 93 National Memorial near Shanksville.
Gene J. Puskar/AP
An American flag hangs between two fire trucks in New York with One World Trade Center visible in the distance.
An American flag hangs between two fire trucks in New York with One World Trade Center visible in the distance.
Andres Kudacki/Getty Images
In pictures: America marks 25 years since 9/11

It was also a time of profound uncertainty for the CIA, scholars of the era say. The agency’s main raison d’être, the Soviet Union, had fallen, and it wasn’t entirely clear how the agency should reorient itself or what it should focus on. A running joke in Washington during the Clinton era was that a small plane that crashed on the White House lawn was the CIA director trying to get in touch with the president. The unit in the CIA responsible for tracking bin Laden — a small office called Alec Station — was small.

“Even if one element of the agency is screaming about a threat, it’s still a pretty big organization,” noted Jeffrey Rogg, an intelligence community historian at the University of Texas in Austin.

But the documents still represent a historically significant and fascinating release from the CIA, which closely guards presidential daily brief materials as some of its most sensitive classified material.

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A final warning from the CIA dated August 6, 2001, was headlined: “Bin Ladin [sic] Determined To Strike In US.” It reported that al Qaeda members had resided in or traveled to the US “for years” and that the group “apparently maintains a support structure that could aid attacks.”

And FBI information at the time indicated “patterns of suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other types of attacks, including recent surveillance of federal buildings in New York.”

70 full field “Bin Ladin related” investigations were underway in the US at the time, the report said.

But, it acknowledged, “we have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational threat reporting,” including reporting from 1998 “saying that Bin Ladin wanted to hijack a US aircraft.”

The final document in the release is dated 4 a.m. on the morning of September 12.

The report cites a “Kandahar-based Arab,” who said the attacks were the result of two years’ planning. They were, he said, “the beginning of the wrath.”

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