{"id":5037,"date":"2026-07-06T11:37:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T11:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5037"},"modified":"2026-07-06T11:37:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T11:37:11","slug":"ancient-dna-reveals-clues-about-mysterious-golden-man-and-rise-of-the-scythian-elites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5037","title":{"rendered":"Ancient DNA reveals clues about mysterious \u2018Golden Man\u2019 and rise of the Scythian elites"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<p>\n            Nomadic warriors called the Scythians roamed the Eurasian Steppe on horseback during the Iron Age. An elite class held the reins of Scythian power, their elevated status celebrated in death through rich burials. Among the most famous of these elite individuals is \u201cGolden Man,\u201d whose entombment contained iron weapons, bronze artifacts, a silver bowl and more than 4,000 gold ornaments.\n    <\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5025\">This engineer literally lit up the world \u2014 and now wants to power it<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\n            Now, genetic analysis shows for the first time that upper-class Scythians such as the Golden Man inherited their lofty status and shared power with their relatives, creating a level of social stratification that was absent in this region during the earlier Bronze Age.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            By comparing the DNA of dozens of individuals from multiple burial sites, scientists discovered family connections between Scythian elites, even among groups that lived far apart. These ties shaped emerging inequality at this time in the Scythians\u2019 history, and the findings provide the first evidence that Scythian elites were related to each other, researchers reported Friday in the journal Science Advances.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            Genetic analysis also resolved longstanding questions about the Golden Man, whose Scythian burial mound, called a kurgan, dates back to around 400 BC to 300 BC and was excavated in 1969 at a site in Kazakhstan.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            Despite the gender-specific nickname, researchers remained uncertain about whether the youth was male or female. For the new study, scientists examined DNA markers from across the Golden Man\u2019s genome, using statistical methods to fill in gaps where DNA data was damaged or missing. Their results suggested that the Golden Man was likely genetically male, and comparisons to other examples of Scythian DNA indicated that he belonged to a southern subset of Scythians called the Saka.\n    <\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A reconstruction of the\" class=\"wp-image-5032\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/669d10007bc31c7adae708203fbc5222.jpg\" width=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/669d10007bc31c7adae708203fbc5222.jpg 379w, https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/669d10007bc31c7adae708203fbc5222-111x300.jpg 111w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<span>A reconstruction of the &#8220;Golden Man,&#8221; an elite Scythian youth who was excavated in 1969 at Kazakhstan&#8217;s Issyk burial ground.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<figcaption>Gulmira Mukhtarova<\/figcaption>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n            \u201cThis paper does a fantastic job of integrating genetic, archaeological, and textual findings to support their interpretations of lineage-based status,\u201d said Alicia R. Ventresca-Miller, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Michigan and an associate curator of archaeological sciences at the university\u2019s Museum of Anthropological Archaeology. She was not involved in the new research.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            \u201cAn elite system that is lineage-based elites is a very important finding, as wealth was passed down across generations,\u201d Ventresca-Miller told CNN in an email.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            And now, the researchers found, so was social status and power.\n    <\/p>\n<div>\n<header>\n<span>\n      Related article\n    <\/span>\n<\/header>\n<section>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Miljana Radivojevi\u0107 and his research team surveyed a Bronze Age settlement called Semiyarka.\" class=\"wp-image-5033\" height=\"144\" src=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/df4b2cc516071d74960af92d55d43166.jpg\" width=\"256\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<span>Miljana Radivojevi\u0107 and his research team surveyed a Bronze Age settlement called Semiyarka.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<figcaption>Courtesy Peter J. Brown<\/figcaption>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\n<span>Archaeologists may have uncovered a Bronze Age metropolis in Kazakhstan\u2019s steppe<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div>6  min read<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\n        Emerging dynastic rule\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n            For the study, scientists looked at DNA samples and other data from 85 individuals; 38 were from elite burials and 47 were non-elite. In general, populations during the Iron Age were more genetically diverse than during the Bronze Age. However, elites\u2019 DNA contained genetic similarities known as runs of homozygosity \u2014 adjacent genetic markers indicating common ancestry \u2014 and their genomes tended to be more homogenous than those of non-elites. The data suggested that high-status individuals were a genetic subgroup within populations, \u201chighlighting the potential role of the elites in maintaining continuity during the time of intense genetic mixture,\u201d the study authors wrote.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            Elite kurgans were massive structures, measuring up to 49 feet (15 meters) tall with diameters reaching 345 feet (105 meters). They typically included \u200b\u200bcorridors, catacombs and side chambers holding remains of animals or relatives. The remains within the kurgans often showed signs of mummification or postmortem trepanation \u2014 drilling a hole in the skull to remove the brain.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            Such practices would have helped preserve bodies that couldn\u2019t be entombed immediately because their elaborate burials took time to prepare, said Ainash Childebayeva, senior author of the study and an assistant professor in the department of anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            \u201cIt would make sense if one had to build a mound to bury this individual, or if they had to be transported to a specific location where they would be buried,\u201d she told CNN.\n    <\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium_large\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An overhead view shows a burial mound after excavation work had begun. It was dated between the eighth and seventh centuries BC.\" class=\"wp-image-5034\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/38ed743ee467540b4f2141c9554fe646.jpg\" width=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/38ed743ee467540b4f2141c9554fe646.jpg 768w, https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/38ed743ee467540b4f2141c9554fe646-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<span>An overhead view shows a burial mound after excavation work had begun. It was dated between the eighth and seventh centuries BC.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<figcaption>Rinat Zhumatayev<\/figcaption>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n            In one instance, kurgans of an elite man and his grandchildren were found at different cemeteries more than 60 miles (nearly 100 kilometers) apart. Their relationship, combined with the rich burials, stood out to the scientists as an example of dynastic rule, as it established a connection between close relatives and elite status.\n    <\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5015\">Inside the GOP border security feud derailing Trump\u2019s agenda in Congress<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\n            One grandchild who received an elite burial was just 1 year old, \u201cand to me that was also a sign that this status was hereditary,\u201d Childebayeva said. \u201cIf the status was merit-based, a 1-year-old child probably hasn\u2019t done anything during their life to merit such a burial. So they deserve that right just because they were born into a specific family.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n<h2>\n        Women of high status\n<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium_large\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gold ornaments were excavated from the Eleke Sazy burial site in eastern Kazakhstan.\" class=\"wp-image-5035\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/fd5ef2fa8eeffa3ba971283c24401a32.jpg\" width=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/fd5ef2fa8eeffa3ba971283c24401a32.jpg 768w, https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/fd5ef2fa8eeffa3ba971283c24401a32-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<span>Gold ornaments were excavated from the Eleke Sazy burial site in eastern Kazakhstan.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<figcaption>Zainolla Samashev<\/figcaption>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n            Nearly half of the 38 elite individuals that the researchers examined were female. Some remains indicated trepanation, their kurgans featuring elaborately constructed passageways and containing horses, fine clothes and costly artifacts, which suggested that women commanded respect in Scythian culture.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            According to Ventresca-Miller, the discovery aligns with findings by other researchers about Eurasian peoples during the Bronze Age, \u201cwhere women held much of the wealth via headdresses and bronze accessories.\u201d Also, among the Xiongnu, a nomadic group that inhabited eastern Eurasia during the latter part of the Iron Age, \u201cthe highest-status individuals were women,\u201d Ventresca-Miller added.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            One Scythian elite female, dubbed the \u201cPrincess of Urdzhar,\u201d wore an elaborate gold headdress similar to that of the Golden Man. A stone altar and medicinal plants in her kurgan hinted that she may have had a shamanic role.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            \u201cThat\u2019s very interesting to see that status was something that was probably not so homogeneous, that it meant different things,\u201d Childebayeva said. \u201cIn my future work I would like to further explore the role of the females in Scythian society, and the different roles that they could have had.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n<div>\n<header>\n<span>\n      Related article\n    <\/span>\n<\/header>\n<section>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The prehistoric cave uncovered near Fureidis, northern Israel\" class=\"wp-image-5036\" height=\"144\" src=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/b63551f715015cb4b31a72b76f3cfbbf.jpg\" width=\"256\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<span>The prehistoric cave uncovered near Fureidis, northern Israel<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<figcaption>Emil Aladjem\/Israel Antiquities Authority<\/figcaption>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\n<span>Artifacts dating back 400,000 years, found in cave, show \u2018complex and rich\u2019 pre-human society<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<div>3  min read<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n            Another lingering question that Childebayeva said she hopes to answer is what triggered the rise of an elite and dynastic class among Scythians in the first place, when such extreme social divisions had not been seen earlier among other nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe.\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n            \u201cWhy do we see this in the Iron Age when we don\u2019t see the same level of social stratification in the Bronze Age?\u201d Childebayeva asked. \u201cWhat are the factors that led to this emergence of inequality?\u201d\n    <\/p>\n<p>\n    Mindy Weisberger is a science writer and media producer whose work has appeared in Live Science, Scientific American and How It Works magazine. She is the author of \u201cRise of the Zombie Bugs: The Surprising Science of Parasitic Mind-Control\u201d (Hopkins Press).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n    Sign up for CNN\u2019s Wonder Theory science newsletter. Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more.\n<\/p><p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5011\">He was Trump\u2019s boyhood friend. Now he\u2019s pushing Trump to declare a \u2018national emergency\u2019 and seize control of the midterms<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elite Scythians such as the \u201cGolden Man\u201d inherited their lofty status and shared power during the Iron Age, DNA analysis shows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,8,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","category-science","category-unearthed"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ancient DNA reveals clues about mysterious \u2018Golden Man\u2019 and rise of the Scythian elites - Relocation Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/relocationtimess.com\/?p=5037\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient DNA reveals clues about mysterious \u2018Golden Man\u2019 and rise of the Scythian elites - 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